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./WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE WORDS "WHO" AND "WHOM" ?The difference between.is that the word "who" is the subject of averb, whilst, for the object of a verb, we use the word "whom"GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE OF EACH, PLEASE ! "Who can speak Chinese here ?"and "To whom are you giving the book ?"The word "whom" is very little used in conversation.Instead of saying "To whom areyou speaking ?", we nearly always say "Who are you speaking to ?", because it iseasier to say, although it is not really grammatically correct.WHAT DO WE GENERALLY SAY INSTEAD OF "TO WHOM ARE YOUSPEAKING ?"/ We generally say "Who are you speaking to ?" instead of "to whom."WHY ? Because it's easier to sayAS SOON AS " gdy tylko OVER skoÅ„czony(a)WHAT DID YOU DO AS SOON AS YOU CAME INTO THE CLASSROOM ?I sat down etc.as soon as I came into the classroomWHAT'LL YOU DO AS SOON AS THE LESSON IS OVER ? I'll stand up,go home etc.as soon as the.451 WHEN YOU LEND ANYTHING, LIKE MONEY FOR EXAMPLE, DO YOUPREFER THE OTHER PERSON TO GIVE IT BACK ON A CERTAIN DATEOR JUST AS SOON AS POSSIBLE ? When I lend anything, like money.I prefer the other.STRANGE dziwnyWHO'S THE STRANGEST PERSON YOU KNOW ? A friend of mine is thestrangest.EXERCISE 36LESSON 77SHUT SHUT UP BE QUIET WISH (v)zamknąć zamknąć siÄ™, być cicho być cicho pragnÄ…c, chciećInstead of the verb "to close", we can use the verb "to shut".The verb "to shut up"means the same as "to be quiet" but is much less polite, and is generally used whenone is angry.WHAT VERB CAN WE USE INSTEAD OF THE VERB "TO CLOSE" ?We can use the verb "to shut" instead of.WHEN YOU'RE ANGRY WITH A FRIEND BECAUSE HE KEEPS SPEAKINGTO YOU WHILST YOU'RE TRYING TO READ A BOOK, WHAT DO YOUTELL HIM TO DO ?/ When I'm angry with.because he.I tell him to shut up452 TO TELL SOMEBODY TO SHUT UP IS NOT REALLY POLITE.IF,THEREFORE, WE WISH TO BE POLITE, WHAT OUGHT WE TO SAYINSTEAD ? If we wish to be polite, we ought to say "be quiet" insteadCHOOSE wybraćDO YOU CHOOSE YOUR CLOTHES YOURSELF, OR DOES SOMEONEHELP YOU TO CHOOSE THEM ?/ Yes, I choose my clothes myself,.or.No, I don't choose.IF YOU HAD TO CHOOSE BETWEEN HAVING 10,000 POUNDS NOWOR 40,000 POUNDS IN TEN YEARS' TIME, WHICH'D YOU CHOOSE ?If I had to.having.I'd choose to have.WHY?RATHER " raczej RATHER THAN zamiastWOULD YOU SAY YOU SPOKE ENGLISH RATHER WELL NOW ?/Yes, I'd say I spoke.WOULD YOU SAY THE WEATHER WAS RATHER NICE TODAY ? Yes, I'dsay the weather was.453 WOULD YOU RATHER HAVE AN ICED DRINK THAN A HOT DRINK ATTHE MOMENT ? Yes, I'd rather have.than.or.No, I wouldn'trather have an.but I'd rather have a.WHICH WOULD YOU RATHER DO: READ A BOOK, WATCH TELEVISION,OR GO TO THE CINEMA ?/ I'd rather.FAITH wiara CHRISTIAN chrzeÅ›cijaninHAVE YOU VERY MUCH FAITH IN OTHER PEOPLE'S WORD ? Yes, I'vevery much.or.No, I haven't very.HOW OLD IS THE CHRISTIAN FAITH ? The Christian faith is about twothousand years oldPREPOSITION + GERUND "You will perhaps have noticed that, after a preposition in English, we use the gerundand not the infinitive.For example, "before going; on speaking; after eating" etc.A Gerund is a Verbal Noun (that is, half a verb and half a noun) and ends in -ing./DO WE USE THE GERUND OR THE INFINITIVE AFTER A PREPOSITION ?We use the gerund after.454 GIVE ME SOME EXAMPLES, PLEASE ! On coming; after taking; before asking etc.WHAT DO YOU DO BEFORE COMING TO SCHOOL ? I.etc.beforecoming to schoolWHAT IS A GERUND ? A gerund is a Verbal Noun (that is, half a verband half a noun) and ends in -ingFREE BUSY FRIENDSHIPwolny zajÄ™ty przyjazÅ„ARE MOST PEOPLE BUSY ON SUNDAY ?/ No, most.but they're freeWHAT DO WE MEAN BY A FREE MEAL (OR RIDE) ? By a free.we mean thatwe don't have to pay for itDO YOU BELIEVE THAT THE BEST THINGS IN LIFE ARE FREE ? INOTHER WORDS, DO YOU BELIEVE THAT THE BEST THINGS IN LIFEARE THINGS LIKE WALKING, SWIMMING, FRIENDSHIP, LOOKING ATNATURE ETC., THINGS THAT DO NOT COST MONEY; OR DO YOUTHINK THAT THE BEST THINGS IN LIFE LIKE BIG, FAST CARS,EXPENSIVE FOOD AND CLOTHES ETC.ARE BETTER ?/ Yes, I believethat the.or.No, I don't believe that the.455 RECOGNISE TO BE GOOD AT DOING SOMETHINGrozpoznać być dobrym w czymÅ›DO YOU THINK YOU'D BE ABLE TO RECOGNISE ME IF WE MET EACHOTHER AGAIN IN THIRTY YEARS' TIME ? Yes, I think I'd be able to.if we.or.No, I don't think I'd be.if we met.WOULD YOU SAY YOU WERE GOOD AT RECOGNISING PEOPLE'S FACESAFTER NOT HAVING SEEN THEM FOR SEVERAL YEARS ? Yes,I'd say I was good.or.No, I wouldn't say I was good at.JOB pracaWHAT KIND OF JOB DO YOU THINK'S THE MOST INTERESTING ?/I think the job of.is the most interestingTICKET biletHOW MUCH'S A CINEMA TICKET IN YOUR HOME TOWN ? A cinematicket in my town is about.LIP wargaWHAT'S THIS? It's your bottom lipSYSTEM system456 WHAT SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT DO YOU HAVE IN YOUR COUNTRY?We have a.system of government in.SAIL1250 żeglować SAILOR żeglarzARE SOME SAILING SHIPS STILL USED TODAY ? Yes, some sailing shipsare still used today, but not manyWOULD YOU LIKE TO BE A SAILOR ? Yes, I'd like to.or.No, I wouldn'tlike.WHY OR WHY NOT ?DICTATION 43I do not get up/ immediately I wake up,/ but I lie in bed/ for a few minutes./ Wesometimes/ go through the summer/ without going for a swim./ To cross the road/without looking both ways/ would be very dangerous./ When we say/ we ought to study,/it means that we have an alternative,/ but that we are under a moral obligation to study./Although there were no bones/ in the meat,/ it had been cooked/ so badly/ that it wasimpossible to eat./ In origin,/ most people in Europe/ are of a mixture of blood;/ thisbeing caused/ by the many wars/ that there have been in the past.LESSON 78EMPHATIC "DO"« SUCH taki, DENY EXCLAMATIONemfatyczne do" podobny, tego rodzaju zaprzeczać okrzyk, wykrzyknik457 I DO SPEAK ENGLISH I DO LIKE THIS BOOKnaprawdÄ™ mówiÄ™ po angielsku naprawdÄ™ lubiÄ™ tÄ™ książkÄ™As you already know, the auxiliary verb "do" is used in the Present Simple Tenseonly in the interrogative and negative but not in the positive.For example, "Do youspeak English? Yes, I speak English.No, I do not speak English."However, when we wish to be emphatic about something, we can also use it in thepositive, and say "Yes, I do speak English!" In such cases, we put a heavy accenton the word "do"./WHEN DO WE USE THE AUXILIARY VERB "DO" IN A POSITIVE SENTENCEWITH THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE ? We use the auxiliary verb"do" in a positive.when we wish to be emphaticWe usually use the emphatic "do" when someone denies something we say andwhich we know to be true./ For example, we might say "Mr.and Mrs
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