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.What accusation.Not implying Pilate s ignorance of the charge, but hisdemand for the formal accusation.30.Malefactor (kakopoiotw|).More correctly, by what manner ofdeath.So Rev.Compare 12:32; Matthew 20:19.Crucifixion was not aJewish punishment.33.Art thou (sutai).Only in this passage in the Gospels, ofChristians.Compare Acts 13:5; 1 Corinthians 4:1.Corresponding withChrist as a king.Fight (hjgwni>zonto).The imperfect tense, denoting action in progress:would now be striving. 109437.Art thou then (oujkou~n ei= su>).The interrogative particle oujkou~n,not therefore, occurs only here in the New Testament.It is ironical.In ver.33 the emphasis is on thou: here upon king.So then, after all, thou art aking.Was I born  came I (gege>nnhmai  ejlh>luqa).Both perfects.Have Ibeen born am I come.So Rev.The Greek order is I for this have beenborn, etc., throwing the emphasis on Christ s person and destiny.Theperfect describes His birth and coming not merely as historical facts, butas abiding in their results.Compare this confession before Pilate (1Timothy 6:13) with the corresponding confession before the high-priest(Matthew 26:64). The one, addressed to the Jews, is framed in thelanguage of prophecy; the other, addressed to a Roman, appeals to theuniversal testimony of conscience.The one speaks of a futuremanifestation of glory, the other speaking of a present manifestation oftruth.The one looks forward to the Return, the other looks backward tothe Incarnation (Westcott).Of the truth (ejk th~v ajlhqei>av).Literally, out of: sprung from: whoselife and words issue from the truth.See on 14:6, and compare 8:47.38.Truth.Not with the article as in the previous verse, the truth.Jesusmeant the absolute truth: Pilate, truth in any particular case. Pilate sexclamation is neither the expression of an ardent thirst for truth, nor thatof the despair of a soul which has long sought it in vain; it is theprofession of a frivolous skepticism, such as is frequently met with in theman of the world, and especially in the statesman (Godet).Fault (aijti>an).Properly, cause of accusation.Rev., crime.See onMatthew 27:37, and compare on Matthew 19:10.39, 40.Compare Matthew 27:15-26; Mark 6:15.39.Ye have a custom.The word sunh>qeia, custom, originally meansintimacy, habitual intercourse, and thence naturally passes into themeaning of habit or custom.Only John puts the statement of this custominto the mouth of Pilate.Matthew and Mark relate it as a fact. 1095At the Passover (ejn tw|~ pa>sca).More specific than Matthew and Mark,where the expression is general, katan, at feast-time.40.Cried (ejkrau>gasan).Peculiarly of a loud, importunate cry; a shout.Plato uses it of the howling of a dog:  The yelping hound, howling(krauga>zousa) at her Lord ( Republic, 607).Others, of the cries ofspectators in the theaters and of the croak of a raven.See on Matthew15:22.Again.Assuming John s recollection of a previous  crying out, which hehas not recorded.Robber (lh|sth>v).See on Matthew 26:55; Mark 11:17; Luke 10:30.Matthew calls him a  notable prisoner (27:16).Mark states that he hadmade insurrection, and had committed murder (15:7), speaking of theinsurrection as a well-known event.Luke says,  for some insurrection(sta>sin tinashmoi,notable.Their depredations were often committed under patrioticpretenses, so that Barabas might have had influential friends among thepeople. 1096CHAPTER 191-3.Compare Matthew 27:26-30; Mark 15:15-19.1.Scourged (ejmasti>gwsen).Matthew and Mark use the Greek form ofthe Latin word flagellare, fragello>w, which occurs only in those twoinstances in the New Testament.John uses the more common Greek word,though he has fragelli>on (flagellum), scourge, at 2:15.Matthew andMark, however, both use mastigo>w elsewhere (Matthew 10:17; 20:29;Mark 10:34).Its kindred noun, ma>stix, occurs several times in themetaphorical sense of a plague.See on Mark 3:10, and compare Mark5:29, 34; Luke 7:21.The verb is used metaphorically only once, Hebrews12:6.Scourging was the legal preliminary to crucifixion, but, in this case,was inflicted illegally before the sentence of crucifixion was pronounced,with a view of averting the extreme punishment, and of satisfying theJews.(Luke 23:22).The punishment was horrible, the victim being boundto a low pillar or stake, and beaten, either with rods, or, in the case ofslaves and provincials, with scourges, called scorpions, leather thongstipped with leaden balls or sharp spikes.The severity of the infliction inJesus case is evident from His inability to bear His cross.2.Crown (ste>fanon).So Matthew and Mark.Luke does not mention thecrown of thorns.See on 1 Peter 5:4.Of thorns (ejx ajkanqw~n).So Matthew.Mark has ajka>nqinon, theadjective, made of thorns, which John also uses in 19:5.All attempts todefine the botanical character of the thorns used for Christ s crown areguesses.The word for thorns used here is the only one that occurs in theNew Testament; the sko>loy (thorn in the flesh) of 2 Corinthians 12:7,being properly an impaling-stake.Both the crowning with thorns and the flagellation are favorite subjects inChristian art [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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